Carbohydrates.
Alminger M, Eklund-Jonsson C. Whole-grain cereal products based on a high-fibre barley or oat genotype lower post-prandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy humans. Eur J Nutr. 2008;47(6):294-300. doi:10.1007/s00394-008-0724-9.
Rebello CJ, Chu YF, Johnson WD, et al. The role of meal viscosity and oat β-glucan characteristics in human appetite control: a randomized crossover trial. Nutr J. 2014;13:49. Published 2014 May 28. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-13-49
Valeur J, Puaschitz NG, Midtvedt T, Berstad A. Oatmeal porridge: impact on microflora-associated characteristics in healthy subjects. Br J Nutr. 2016;115(1):62-67. doi:10.1017/S0007114515004213
Whitehead A, Beck EJ, Tosh S, Wolever TM. Cholesterol-lowering effects of oat β-glucan: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100(6):1413-1421. doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.086108
Prebiotics.
Flamm G, Glinsmann W, Kritchevsky D, Prosky L, Roberfroid M. Inulin and oligofructose as dietary fiber: a review of the evidence. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2001;41(5):353-362. doi:10.1080/20014091091841
Kelly G. Inulin-type prebiotics--a review: part 1. Altern Med Rev. 2008;13(4):315-329.
Macfarlane GT, Steed H, Macfarlane S. Bacterial metabolism and health-related effects of galacto-oligosaccharides and other prebiotics. J Appl Microbiol. 2008;104(2):305-344. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03520.x
Greens.
Speciale G, Jin Y, Davies GJ, Williams SJ, Goddard-Borger ED. YihQ is a sulfoquinovosidase that cleaves sulfoquinovosyl diacylglyceride sulfolipids. Nat Chem Biol. 2016;12(4):215-217. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2023
Morris MC, Wang Y, Barnes LL, Bennett DA, Dawson-Hughes B, Booth SL. Nutrients and bioactives in green leafy vegetables and cognitive decline: Prospective study. Neurology. 2018;90(3):e214-e222. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000004815
Shammas MA. Telomeres, lifestyle, cancer, and aging. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2011;14(1):28-34. doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e32834121b1
Spirulina.
Karkos PD, Leong SC, Karkos CD, Sivaji N, Assimakopoulos DA. Spirulina in clinical practice: evidence-based human applications. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:531053. doi:10.1093/ecam/nen058 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3136577/
Kim HM, Lee EH, Cho HH, Moon YH. Inhibitory effect of mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions in rats by spirulina. Biochem Pharmacol. 1998;55(7):1071-1076. doi:10.1016/s0006-2952(97)00678-3 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9605430/
- V. Mani, S. Desai & U. Iyer (2000) Studies on the Long-Term Effect of Spirulina Supplementation on Serum Lipid Profile and Glycated Proteins in NIDDM Patients, Journal of Nutraceuticals, Functional & Medical Foods, 2:3, 25-32, DOI: 10.1300/J133v02n03_03 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J133v02n03_03
Reddy MC, Subhashini J, Mahipal SV, et al. C-Phycocyanin, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, induces apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;304(2):385-392. doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00586-2, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12711327/
Ashwagandha.
Stress & Anxiety.
A prospective, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of a high-concentration full-spectrum extract of Ashwagandha root in reducing stress and anxiety in adults. Chandrasekhar, K., Kapoor, J., & Anishetty, S. (2012). Indian journal of psychological medicine, 34(3), 255.
Cardiorespiratory Endurance.
Efficacy of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera [L.] Dunal) in improving cardiorespiratory endurance in healthy athletic adults Choudhary, B., Shetty, A., & Langade, D. G. (2015). Ayu, 36(1), 63.
Testosterone Male Sexual Function.
Clinical Evaluation of the Spermatogenic Activity of the Root Extract of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in Oligospermic Males: A Pilot Study Ambiye, V. R., Langade, D., Dongre, S., Aptikar, P., Kulkarni, M., & Dongre, A. (2013). Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013.
Testosterone, Muscle Strength & Recovery.
Examining the effect of Withania somnifera supplementation on muscle strength and recovery: a randomized controlled trial Wankhede, S., Langade, D., Joshi, K., Sinha, S. R., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2015). Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 12(1), 43.
Womens Sexual Function.
Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract in Improving Sexual Function in Women: A Pilot Study Dongre, S., Langade, D., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2015). BioMed research international, 2015.
Stress & Weight Management.
Body Weight Management in Adults Under Chronic Stress Through Treatment With Ashwagandha Root Extract: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Choudhary, D., Bhattacharyya, S., & Joshi, K. (2017). Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine, 22(1), 96-106.
Memory & Cognition.
Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) Root Extract in Improving Memory and Cognitive Functions Choudhary, D., Bhattacharyya, S., & Bose, S. (2017). Journal of Dietary Supplements, 1-14. Chicago
Anti Aging.
Withania somnifera root extract extends lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans Kumar, R., Gupta, K., Saharia, K., Pradhan, D., & Subramaniam, J. R. (2013). Annals of neurosciences, 20(1), 13.
Withania somnifera Root Extract Enhances Telomerase Activity in the Human HeLa Cell Line Raguraman, V., & Subramaniam, J. R. (2016). Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 7(04), 199.
Thyroid Function.
Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha Root Extract in Subclinical Hypothyroid Patients: A Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Sharma, A. K., Basu, I., & Singh, S. (2017).The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.
Sleep.
Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera) Root Extract in Insomnia and Anxiety: A Double – blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled study. Langade, D., Kanchi, S., Salve, J., Debnath, K., & Ambegaokar, D (2019). Cureus, 11(9), e5797.
General Health Improvement for Senior Citizens.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Ashwagandha Root Extract in the Elderly for Improvement of General Well-being and Sleep: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study. Kelgane, S. B., Salve, J., Sampara, P., & Debnath, K. (2020)l. Cureus, 12(2), e7083.
AWARDS.
-
"Sports Nutrition Ingredient of the year"
The NutraIngredients Asia, 2018 -
"SFE-Herbal Industry Leader Award"
2016, Frost & Sullivan, 2014 -
"Product Innovation in Botanicals"
award Natural Products Expo West, 2013 -
"Best Botanical Ingredient"
Natural Products Expo West, 2013 -
"Innovative Ingredient of the Year"
Panacea, 2012
D3.
Sunyecz JA. The use of calcium and vitamin D in the management of osteoporosis. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2008;4(4):827-836. doi:10.2147/tcrm.s3552 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19209265/
Dunne S and Bell A PhD, RD, Vitamin D’s Role in Health — Deterministic or Indeterminate?, 2014; Today’s Dietitian, Vol. 16 No. 7 P. 48
Fahd Adeeb, Maria Usman Khan, Xia Li, Austin G. Stack, Joseph Devlin, Alexander D. Fraser, "High Vitamin D Levels May Downregulate Inflammation in Patients with Behçet’s Disease", International Journal of Inflammation, vol. 2017, Article ID 8608716, 7 pages, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8608716 https://www.hindawi.com/journals/iji/2017/8608716/
Holick MF. Vitamin D: importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79(3):362-371.
Grober U, Spitz J, Reichrath J, Kisters K, Holick MF. Vitamin D: Update 2013: From rickets prophylaxis to general preventive healthcare. Dermatoendocrinol. 2013;5(3):331-347.
Smolders J, Thewissen M, Damoiseaux J. Control of T cell activation by vitamin D. Nat Immunol. 2011;12(1):3; author reply 3-4.
Aranow C. Vitamin D and the immune system. J Investig Med. 2011;59(6):881-886.
Sigmund CD. Regulation of renin expression and blood pressure by vitamin D(3). J Clin Invest. 2002;110(2):155-156.
Thiele DK, Senti JL, Anderson CM. Maternal vitamin D supplementation to meet the needs of the breastfed infant: a systematic review. J Hum Lact. 2013;29(2):163-170.
Liu W, Zhang L, Xu HJ, et al. The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Vitamin D in Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(9):2736. Published 2018 Sep 13. doi:10.3390/ijms19092736
Biotin.
Watanabe T. Dietary biotin deficiency affects reproductive function and prenatal development in hamsters. J Nutr. 1993;123(12):2101-2108. doi:10.1093/jn/123.12.2101 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8263603/
Colombo VE, Gerber F, Bronhofer M, Floersheim GL. Treatment of brittle fingernails and onychoschizia with biotin: scanning electron microscopy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990;23(6 Pt 1):1127-1132. doi:10.1016/0190-9622(90)70345-i https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2273113/
Zempleni J, Hassan YI, Wijeratne SS. Biotin and biotinidase deficiency. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2008;3(6):715-724. doi:10.1586/17446651.3.6.715 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2726758/
Seymons K, De Moor A, De Raeve H, Lambert J. Dermatologic signs of biotin deficiency leading to the diagnosis of multiple carboxylase deficiency. Pediatr Dermatol. 2004;21(3):231-235. doi:10.1111/j.0736-8046.2004.21308.x https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15165201/
Maebashi, Masaru & Makino, Yoshio & Furukawa, Yuji & Ohinata, Kosaku & Kimura, Shuichi & Sato, Takao. (1993). Therapeutic Evaluation of the Effect of Biotin on Hyperglycemia in Patients with Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus.. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition. 14. 211-218. 10.3164/jcbn.14.211. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269972103_Therapeutic_Evaluation_of_the_Effect_of_Biotin_on_Hyperglycemia_in_Patients_with_Non-Insulin_Dependent_Diabetes_Mellitus
Geohas J, Daly A, Juturu V, Finch M, Komorowski JR. Chromium picolinate and biotin combination reduces atherogenic index of plasma in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial. Am J Med Sci. 2007;333(3):145-153. doi:10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318031b3c9 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17496732/
Sedel F, Bernard D, Mock DM, Tourbah A. Targeting demyelination and virtual hypoxia with high-dose biotin as a treatment for progressive multiple sclerosis. Neuropharmacology. 2016;110(Pt B):644-653. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.08.028 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26327679/
Sedel F, Papeix C, Bellanger A, et al. High doses of biotin in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2015;4(2):159-169. doi:10.1016/j.msard.2015.01.005 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25787192/
Revilla-Monsalve C, Zendejas-Ruiz I, Islas-Andrade S, et al. Biotin supplementation reduces plasma triacylglycerol and VLDL in type 2 diabetic patients and in nondiabetic subjects with hypertriglyceridemia. Biomed Pharmacother. 2006;60(4):182-185. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2006.03.005 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16677798/
Copper.
Scheiber IF, Mercer JF, Dringen R. Metabolism and functions of copper in brain. Prog Neurobiol. 2014;116:33-57. doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.01.002 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24440710/
Xu J, Church SJ, Patassini S, et al. Evidence for widespread, severe brain copper deficiency in Alzheimer's dementia. Metallomics. 2017;9(8):1106-1119. doi:10.1039/c7mt00074j https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28654115/
Khaleeli Zhaleh, Healy Daniel G, Briddon Anthony, Lunn Michael P, Reilly Mary M, Land John et al. Copper deficiency as a treatable cause of poor balance BMJ 2010; 340 :c508 https://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c508
Maura Pellei,*a Grazia Papini,a Andrea Trasatti,a Marco Giorgetti,*b Domenica Tonelli,b Marco Minicucci,c Cristina Marzano,*d Valentina Gandin,d Giuliana Aquilanti,e Alessandro Dolmellad and Carlo Santinia Nitroimidazole and glucosamine conjugated heteroscorpionate ligands and related copper(ii) complexes. Syntheses, biological activity and XAS studies†, Dalton Trans., 2011,40, 9877-9888 https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2011/DT/c1dt10486a#!divAbstract
Zheng J, Mao X, Ling J, He Q, Quan J. Low serum levels of zinc, copper, and iron as risk factors for osteoporosis: a meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2014;160(1):15-23. doi:10.1007/s12011-014-0031-7 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24908111/
Rucker RB, Kosonen T, Clegg MS, et al. Copper, lysyl oxidase, and extracellular matrix protein cross-linking. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;67(5 Suppl):996S-1002S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/67.5.996S https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9587142/
Sarah Blasiga Peter Kühnenb Andrea Schuettea Oliver Blankensteinb Jens Mittagc Lutz Positive correlation of thyroid hormones and serum copper in children with congenital hypothyroidism, Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, Volume 37, September 2016, Pages 90-95 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0946672X16300773
Pineles SL, Wilson CA, Balcer LJ, Slater R, Galetta SL. Combined optic neuropathy and myelopathy secondary to copper deficiency. Surv Ophthalmol. 2010;55(4):386-392. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2010.02.002 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20451943/
Naismith RT, Shepherd JB, Weihl CC, Tutlam NT, Cross AH. Acute and bilateral blindness due to optic neuropathy associated with copper deficiency. Arch Neurol. 2009;66(8):1025-1027. doi:10.1001/archneurol.2009.70 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19667226/
Iron.
Ball MJ, Bartlett MA. Dietary intake and iron status of Australian vegetarian women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70(3):353-358. doi:10.1093/ajcn/70.3.353 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10479197/
Murray-Kolb LE, Beard JL. Iron treatment normalizes cognitive functioning in young women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(3):778-787. doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.3.778 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17344500/
Jáuregui-Lobera I. Iron deficiency and cognitive functions. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2014;10:2087-2095. Published 2014 Nov 10. doi:10.2147/NDT.S72491https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4235202/
Li Z, Li B, Song X, Zhang D. Dietary zinc and iron intake and risk of depression: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2017;251:41-47. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.006https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28189077/
Jere D. Haas, Thomas Brownlie, IV, Iron Deficiency and Reduced Work Capacity: A Critical Review of the Research to Determine a Causal Relationship, The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 131, Issue 2, February 2001, Pages 676S–690S,https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/131/2/676S/4686866
Chung J, Chen C, Paw BH. Heme metabolism and erythropoiesis. Curr Opin Hematol. 2012;19(3):156-162. doi:10.1097/MOH.0b013e328351c48b https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4086261/
Fernández-Gaxiola AC, De-Regil LM. Intermittent iron supplementation for reducing anaemia and its associated impairments in menstruating women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(12):CD009218. Published 2011 Dec 7. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009218.pub2 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22161448/
Folic Acid.
Crider KS, Bailey LB, Berry RJ. Folic acid food fortification-its history, effect, concerns, and future directions. Nutrients. 2011;3(3):370-384. doi:10.3390/nu3030370 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3257747/
US Preventive Services Task Force, Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, et al. Folic Acid Supplementation for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2017;317(2):183-189. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.19438 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28097362/
Crider KS, Yang TP, Berry RJ, Bailey LB. Folate and DNA methylation: a review of molecular mechanisms and the evidence for folate's role. Adv Nutr. 2012;3(1):21-38. doi:10.3945/an.111.000992https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3262611/
Blount BC, Mack MM, Wehr CM, et al. Folate deficiency causes uracil misincorporation into human DNA and chromosome breakage: implications for cancer and neuronal damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997;94(7):3290-3295. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.7.3290 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC20362/
Ganguly P, Alam SF. Role of homocysteine in the development of cardiovascular disease. Nutr J. 2015;14:6. Published 2015 Jan 10. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-14-6 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4326479/
Rebecca J Schmidt, Daniel J Tancredi, Sally Ozonoff, Robin L Hansen, Jaana Hartiala, Hooman Allayee, Linda C Schmidt, Flora Tassone, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Maternal periconceptional folic acid intake and risk of autism spectrum disorders and developmental delay in the CHARGE (CHildhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment) case-control study, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 96, Issue 1, July 2012, Pages 80–89, https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/96/1/80/4571464
Godfrey PS, Toone BK, Carney MW, et al. Enhancement of recovery from psychiatric illness by methylfolate. Lancet. 1990;336(8712):392-395. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)91942-4 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1974941/
Mahmood Lubna The metabolic processes of folic acid and Vitamin B12 deficiency 2014, Volume: 1, Issue Number: 1, Page: 5-9 http://www.jhrr.org/article.asp?issn=2394-2010;year=2014;volume=1;issue=1;spage=5;epage=9;aulast=Mahmood
Lasisi AO, Fehintola FA, Yusuf OB. Age-related hearing loss, vitamin B12, and folate in the elderly. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;143(6):826-830. doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2010.08.031https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21109085/
Magnesium.
Mahmoud MM, El-Mazary AA, Maher RM, Saber MM. Zinc, ferritin, magnesium and copper in a group of Egyptian children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Ital J Pediatr. 2011;37:60. Published 2011 Dec 29. doi:10.1186/1824-7288-37-60 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22206662/
Eby GA 3rd, Eby KL. Magnesium for treatment-resistant depression: a review and hypothesis. Med Hypotheses. 2010;74(4):649-660. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2009.10.051 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19944540/
Fox C, Ramsoomair D, Carter C. Magnesium: its proven and potential clinical significance. South Med J. 2001;94(12):1195-1201. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11811859/
Guerrero-Romero F, Rodríguez-Morán M. Magnesium improves the beta-cell function to compensate variation of insulin sensitivity: double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Eur J Clin Invest. 2011;41(4):405-410. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02422.x https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21241290/
De Leeuw I, Engelen W, De Block C, Van Gaal L. Long term magnesium supplementation influences favourably the natural evolution of neuropathy in Mg-depleted type 1 diabetic patients (T1dm). Magnes Res. 2004;17(2):109-114. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15319143/
Wark PA, Lau R, Norat T, Kampman E. Magnesium intake and colorectal tumor risk: a case-control study and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;96(3):622-631. doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.030924 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22854408/
Castiglioni S, Cazzaniga A, Albisetti W, Maier JA. Magnesium and osteoporosis: current state of knowledge and future research directions. Nutrients. 2013;5(8):3022-3033. Published 2013 Jul 31. doi:10.3390/nu5083022 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3775240/
Manganese.
Strause L, Saltman P, Smith KT, Bracker M, Andon MB. Spinal bone loss in postmenopausal women supplemented with calcium and trace minerals. J Nutr. 1994;124(7):1060-1064. doi:10.1093/jn/124.7.1060 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8027856/
Benevolenskaia LI, Toroptsova NV, Nikitinskaia OA, et al. Vitrum osteomag v profilaktike osteoporoza u zhenshchin v postmenopauze: rezul'taty sravnitel'nogo otkrytogo mnogotsentrovogo issledovaniia [Vitrum osteomag in prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: results of the comparative open multicenter trial]. Ter Arkh. 2004;76(11):88-93. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15658548/
Kazi TG, Afridi HI, Kazi N, et al. Copper, chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, and zinc levels in biological samples of diabetes mellitus patients. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2008;122(1):1-18. doi:10.1007/s12011-007-8062-y https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18193174/
Koh ES, Kim SJ, Yoon HE, et al. Association of blood manganese level with diabetes and renal dysfunction: a cross-sectional study of the Korean general population. BMC Endocr Disord. 2014;14:24. Published 2014 Mar 8. doi:10.1186/1472-6823-14-24 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3973834/
Takeda A. Manganese action in brain function. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2003;41(1):79-87. doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(02)00234-5 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12505649/
Carl GF, Blackwell LK, Barnett FC, et al. Manganese and epilepsy: brain glutamine synthetase and liver arginase activities in genetically epilepsy prone and chronically seizured rats. Epilepsia. 1993;34(3):441-446. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8099325/
Soldin OP, Aschner M. Effects of manganese on thyroid hormone homeostasis: potential links. Neurotoxicology. 2007;28(5):951-956. doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2007.05.003 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2067987/
Holley AK, Bakthavatchalu V, Velez-Roman JM, St Clair DK. Manganese superoxide dismutase: guardian of the powerhouse. Int J Mol Sci. 2011;12(10):7114-7162. doi:10.3390/ijms12107114 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22072939/
Bae SC, Kim SJ, Sung MK. Inadequate antioxidant nutrient intake and altered plasma antioxidant status of rheumatoid arthritis patients. J Am Coll Nutr. 2003;22(4):311-315. doi:10.1080/07315724.2003.10719309 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12897046/
Iodine.
Mariotti S, Beck-Peccoz P. Physiology of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis. [Updated 2016 Aug 14]. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK278958/
Danforth E Jr, Burger A. The role of thyroid hormones in the control of energy expenditure. Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1984;13(3):581-595. doi:10.1016/s0300-595x(84)80039-0 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6391756/
Kostoglou-Athanassiou I, Ntalles K. Hypothyroidism - new aspects of an old disease. Hippokratia. 2010;14(2):82-87.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2895281/
Beydoun MA, Beydoun HA, Kitner-Triolo MH, Kaufman JS, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Thyroid hormones are associated with cognitive function: moderation by sex, race, and depressive symptoms. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(8):3470-3481. doi:10.1210/jc.2013-1813 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3733856/
Delange F. The role of iodine in brain development. Proc Nutr Soc. 2000;59(1):75-79. doi:10.1017/s0029665100000094 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10828176/
Cooke GE, Mullally S, Correia N, O'Mara SM, Gibney J. Hippocampal volume is decreased in adults with hypothyroidism. Thyroid. 2014;24(3):433-440. doi:10.1089/thy.2013.0058 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24205791/
Kapil U. Health consequences of iodine deficiency. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2007;7(3):267-272.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3074887/
Dillon JC, Milliez J. Reproductive failure in women living in iodine deficient areas of West Africa. BJOG. 2000;107(5):631-636. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb13305.x https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10826578/
Carlé A, Pedersen IB, Knudsen N, Perrild H, Ovesen L, Laurberg P. Hypothyroid symptoms and the likelihood of overt thyroid failure: a population-based case-control study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014;171(5):593-602. doi:10.1530/EJE-14-0481 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25305308/
Grais IM, Sowers JR. Thyroid and the heart. Am J Med. 2014;127(8):691-698. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.03.009 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4318631/
Vitamin A.
Lobo V, Patil A, Phatak A, Chandra N. Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacogn Rev. 2010;4(8):118-126. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.70902 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3249911/
Gammone MA, Riccioni G, D'Orazio N. Carotenoids: potential allies of cardiovascular health?. Food Nutr Res. 2015;59:26762. Published 2015 Feb 6. doi:10.3402/fnr.v59.26762 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4321000/
She C, Shang F, Zhou K, Liu N. Serum Carotenoids and Risks of Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy in a Chinese Population Sample. Curr Mol Med. 2017;17(4):287-297. doi:10.2174/1566524017666171106112131 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29110607/
Weiss JS, Ellis CN, Headington JT, Tincoff T, Hamilton TA, Voorhees JJ. Topical tretinoin improves photoaged skin. A double-blind vehicle-controlled study [published correction appears in JAMA 1988 Aug 19;260(7):926] [published correction appears in JAMA 1988 Jun 10;259(22):3274]. JAMA. 1988;259(4):527-532. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3336176/
Maronn M, Allen DM, Esterly NB. Phrynoderma: a manifestation of vitamin A deficiency?... The rest of the story. Pediatr Dermatol. 2005;22(1):60-63. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1470.2005.22113.x https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15660900/
Chen F, Hu J, Liu P, Li J, Wei Z, Liu P. Carotenoid intake and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. Ann Hematol. 2017;96(6):957-965. doi:10.1007/s00277-016-2898-1 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28011986/
Busada JT, Geyer CB. The Role of Retinoic Acid (RA) in Spermatogonial Differentiation. Biol Reprod. 2016;94(1):10. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.115.135145https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4809555/
Stephensen CB. Vitamin A, infection, and immune function. Annu Rev Nutr. 2001;21:167-192. doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.21.1.167 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11375434/
B1 Thiamine.
Lu'o'ng Kv, Nguyen LT. Role of thiamine in Alzheimer's disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2011;26(8):588-598. doi:10.1177/1533317511432736 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22218733/
Gibson GE, Hirsch JA, Fonzetti P, Jordan BD, Cirio RT, Elder J. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) and dementia. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2016;1367(1):21-30. doi:10.1111/nyas.13031 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4846521/
Peter R. Martin, M.D., Charles K. Singleton, Ph.D., and Susanne Hiller–Sturmhöfel, Ph.D.The Role of Thiamine Deficiency in Alcoholic Brain Disease Alcohol Research & Health. 2003;27(2): 134-42. https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh27-2/134-142.htm
Alaei-Shahmiri F, Soares MJ, Zhao Y, Sherriff J. The impact of thiamine supplementation on blood pressure, serum lipids and C-reactive protein in individuals with hyperglycemia: a randomised, double-blind cross-over trial [published correction appears in Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2016 Jan-Mar;10(1):61]. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2015;9(4):213-217. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2015.04.014 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25982678/
Gibson GE, Hirsch JA, Cirio RT, Jordan BD, Fonzetti P, Elder J. Abnormal thiamine-dependent processes in Alzheimer's Disease. Lessons from diabetes. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2013;55:17-25. doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2012.09.001https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22982063/
Yi Jiang, Pauline E. Jolly, William O. Ellis, Jia-Sheng Wang, Timothy D. Phillips, Jonathan H. Williams, Aflatoxin B1 albumin adduct levels and cellular immune status in Ghanaians, International Immunology, Volume 17, Issue 6, June 2005, Pages 807–814, https://academic.oup.com/intimm/article/17/6/807/671262
Stough C, Scholey A, Lloyd J, Spong J, Myers S, Downey LA. The effect of 90 day administration of a high dose vitamin B-complex on work stress. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2011;26(7):470-476. doi:10.1002/hup.1229 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21905094/
Lonsdale D. A review of the biochemistry, metabolism and clinical benefits of thiamin(e) and its derivatives. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2006;3(1):49-59. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1375232/
B2.
Boehnke C, Reuter U, Flach U, Schuh-Hofer S, Einhäupl KM, Arnold G. High-dose riboflavin treatment is efficacious in migraine prophylaxis: an open study in a tertiary care centre. Eur J Neurol. 2004;11(7):475-477. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2004.00813.x https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15257686/
Condò M, Posar A, Arbizzani A, Parmeggiani A. Riboflavin prophylaxis in pediatric and adolescent migraine. J Headache Pain. 2009;10(5):361-365. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3452096/
Diarmuid M Mulherin, David I Thurnham, R Deva Situnayake, Glutathione reductase activity, riboflavin status, and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 1996;55:837-914 https://ard.bmj.com/content/annrheumdis/55/11/837.full.pdf
Kuzniarz M, Mitchell P, Cumming RG, Flood VM. Use of vitamin supplements and cataract: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001;132(1):19-26. doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(01)00922-9, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11438049/
Wacker J, Frühauf J, Schulz M, Chiwora FM, Volz J, Becker K. Riboflavin deficiency and preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;96(1):38-44. doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(00)00847-4 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10862839/
Hilary J Powers, Riboflavin (vitamin B-2) and health, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 77, Issue 6, June 2003, Pages 1352–1360, https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/77/6/1352/4689829
Hilary J Powers, Riboflavin (vitamin B-2) and health, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 77, Issue 6, June 2003, Pages 1352–1360 https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/77/6/1352/4689829
Tavares NR, Moreira PA, Amaral TF. Riboflavin supplementation and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in the elderly. J Nutr Health Aging. 2009;13(5):441-446. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19390751/
Patel M, Vadlapatla RK, Pal D, Mitra AK. Molecular and functional characterization of riboflavin specific transport system in rat brain capillary endothelial cells. Brain Res. 2012;1468:1-10. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2012.05.052 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3405183/
B3.
Nasser Figueiredo V, Vendrame F, Colontoni BA, et al. Short-term effects of extended-release niacin with and without the addition of laropiprant on endothelial function in individuals with low HDL-C: a randomized, controlled crossover trial. Clin Ther. 2014;36(6):961-966. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.03.012 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24768191/
Nasser Figueiredo V, Vendrame F, Colontoni BA, et al. Short-term effects of extended-release niacin with and without the addition of laropiprant on endothelial function in individuals with low HDL-C: a randomized, controlled crossover trial. Clin Ther. 2014;36(6):961-966. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.03.012 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24768191/
Kamanna VS, Kashyap ML. Mechanism of action of niacin. Am J Cardiol. 2008;101(8A):20B-26B. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.02.029 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18375237/
Wang W, Liang B. Case report of mental disorder induced by niacin deficiency. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry. 2012;24(6):352-354. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2012.06.008 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4198903/
Xu XJ, Jiang GS. Niacin-respondent subset of schizophrenia – a therapeutic review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2015;19(6):988-997. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25855923/
Gong B, Pan Y, Vempati P, et al. Nicotinamide riboside restores cognition through an upregulation of proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α regulated β-secretase 1 degradation and mitochondrial gene expression in Alzheimer's mouse models. Neurobiol Aging. 2013;34(6):1581-1588. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.12.005 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23312803/
Crinò A, Schiaffini R, Manfrini S, et al. A randomized trial of nicotinamide and vitamin E in children with recent onset type 1 diabetes (IMDIAB IX). Eur J Endocrinol. 2004;150(5):719-724. doi:10.1530/eje.0.1500719 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15132730/
YiDingYuWenLiAiDong Effect of niacin on lipids and glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials, Clinical Nutrition, Volume 34, Issue 5, October 2015, Pages 838-844 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0261561414002477
B5.
Kennedy DO. B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and Efficacy--A Review. Nutrients. 2016;8(2):68. Published 2016 Jan 27. doi:10.3390/nu8020068https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4772032/
Rumberger JA, Napolitano J, Azumano I, Kamiya T, Evans M. Pantethine, a derivative of vitamin B(5) used as a nutritional supplement, favorably alters low-density lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism in low- to moderate-cardiovascular risk North American subjects: a triple-blinded placebo and diet-controlled investigation. Nutr Res. 2011;31(8):608-615. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2011.08.001 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21925346/
Jerajani HR, Mizoguchi H, Li J, Whittenbarger DJ, Marmor MJ. The effects of a daily facial lotion containing vitamins B3 and E and provitamin B5 on the facial skin of Indian women: a randomized, double-blind trial. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2010;76(1):20-26. doi:10.4103/0378-6323.58674 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20061726/
Naruta E, Buko V. Hypolipidemic effect of pantothenic acid derivatives in mice with hypothalamic obesity induced by aurothioglucose. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2001;53(5):393-398. doi:10.1078/0940-2993-00205 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11817109/
Eto M, Watanabe K, Chonan N, Ishii K. Lowering effect of pantethine on plasma beta-thromboglobulin and lipids in diabetes mellitus. Artery. 1987;15(1):1-12.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2963604/
Tahiliani AG, Beinlich CJ. Pantothenic acid in health and disease. Vitam Horm. 1991;46:165-228. doi:10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60684-6 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1746161/
B6.
Clayton PT. B6-responsive disorders: a model of vitamin dependency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2006;29(2-3):317-326. doi:10.1007/s10545-005-0243-2 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16763894/
Herrmann W, Lorenzl S, Obeid R. Hyperhomocysteinämie und B-Vitaminmangel bei neurologischen und psychiatrischen Erkrankungen--Aktueller Kenntnisstand und vorläufige Empfehlungen [Review of the role of hyperhomocysteinemia and B-vitamin deficiency in neurological and psychiatric disorders--current evidence and preliminary recommendations]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2007;75(9):515-527. doi:10.1055/s-2007-980112 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17729191/
Merete C, Falcon LM, Tucker KL. Vitamin B6 is associated with depressive symptomatology in Massachusetts elders. J Am Coll Nutr. 2008;27(3):421-427. doi:10.1080/07315724.2008.10719720 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18838531/
Oulhaj A, Refsum H, Beaumont H, et al. Homocysteine as a predictor of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010;25(1):82-90. doi:10.1002/gps.2303 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19484711/
Douaud G, Refsum H, de Jager CA, et al. Preventing Alzheimer's disease-related gray matter atrophy by B-vitamin treatment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110(23):9523-9528. doi:10.1073/pnas.1301816110 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23690582/
Doll H, Brown S, Thurston A, Vessey M. Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and the premenstrual syndrome: a randomized crossover trial. J R Coll Gen Pract. 1989;39(326):364-368. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2558186/
Hisano M, Suzuki R, Sago H, Murashima A, Yamaguchi K. Vitamin B6 deficiency and anemia in pregnancy. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010;64(2):221-223. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2009.125 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19920848/
Lin PT, Cheng CH, Liaw YP, Lee BJ, Lee TW, Huang YC. Low pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease. Nutrition. 2006;22(11-12):1146-1151. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2006.08.013 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17045461/
Vutyavanich T, Wongtra-ngan S, Ruangsri R. Pyridoxine for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;173(3 Pt 1):881-884. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(95)90359-3https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7573262/
B12.
Tisman G, Vu T, Amin J, et al. Measurement of red blood cell-vitamin B12: a study of the correlation between intracellular B12 content and concentrations of plasma holotranscobalamin II. Am J Hematol. 1993;43(3):226-229. doi:10.1002/ajh.2830430313 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8352241/
Keene KL, Chen WM, Chen F, et al. Genetic Associations with Plasma B12, B6, and Folate Levels in an Ischemic Stroke Population from the Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) Trial. Front Public Health. 2014;2:112. Published 2014 Aug 6. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00112 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25147783/
Tucker KL, Hannan MT, Qiao N, et al. Low plasma vitamin B12 is associated with lower BMD: the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. J Bone Miner Res. 2005;20(1):152-158. doi:10.1359/JBMR.041018 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15619681/
Stone KL, Bauer DC, Sellmeyer D, Cummings SR. Low serum vitamin B-12 levels are associated with increased hip bone loss in older women: a prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(3):1217-1221. doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030074 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15001613/
Molloy AM, Kirke PN, Brody LC, Scott JM, Mills JL. Effects of folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies during pregnancy on fetal, infant, and child development. Food Nutr Bull. 2008;29(2 Suppl):S101-S115. doi:10.1177/15648265080292S114 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18709885/
Syed EU, Wasay M, Awan S. Vitamin B12 supplementation in treating major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Open Neurol J. 2013;7:44-48. Published 2013 Nov 15. doi:10.2174/1874205X01307010044 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3856388/
Penninx BW, Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, Fried LP, Allen RH, Stabler SP. Vitamin B(12) deficiency and depression in physically disabled older women: epidemiologic evidence from the Women's Health and Aging Study. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157(5):715-721. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.715 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10784463/
Christen WG, Glynn RJ, Chew EY, Albert CM, Manson JE. Folic acid, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin combination treatment and age-related macular degeneration in women: the Women's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(4):335-341. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2008.574 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2648137/
Noppakun N, Swasdikul D. Reversible hyperpigmentation of skin and nails with white hair due to vitamin B12 deficiency. Arch Dermatol. 1986;122(8):896-899. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3740873/
Vitamin C.
Moretti M, Budni J, Dos Santos DB, et al. Protective effects of ascorbic acid on behavior and oxidative status of restraint-stressed mice. J Mol Neurosci. 2013;49(1):68-79. doi:10.1007/s12031-012-9892-4 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23054587/
Moretti M, Budni J, Ribeiro CM, Rodrigues AL. Involvement of different types of potassium channels in the antidepressant-like effect of ascorbic acid in the mouse tail suspension test. Eur J Pharmacol. 2012;687(1-3):21-27. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.04.041 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22575518/
May JM, Harrison FE. Role of vitamin C in the function of the vascular endothelium. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2013;19(17):2068-2083. doi:10.1089/ars.2013.5205 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23581713/
Turley SD, West CE, Horton BJ. The role of ascorbic acid in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism and in the pathogenesis of artherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 1976;24(1-2):1-18. doi:10.1016/0021-9150(76)90060-5 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/942515/
Anderson TW, Suranyi G, Beaton GH. The effect on winter illness of large doses of vitamin C. Can Med Assoc J. 1974;111(1):31-36. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1947567/
Hill CH. Interactions of vitamin C with lead and mercury. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1980;355:262-266. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb21344.x https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6940480/
Telang PS. Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2013;4(2):143-146. doi:10.4103/2229-5178.110593 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3673383/
Chambial S, Dwivedi S, Shukla KK, John PJ, Sharma P. Vitamin C in disease prevention and cure: an overview. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2013;28(4):314-328. doi:10.1007/s12291-013-0375-3 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3783921/
Hemilä H. Vitamin C and Infections. Nutrients. 2017;9(4):339. Published 2017 Mar 29. doi:10.3390/nu9040339 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5409678/
Vitamin E.
Rizvi S, Raza ST, Ahmed F, Ahmad A, Abbas S, Mahdi F. The role of vitamin e in human health and some diseases. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2014;14(2):e157-e165. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3997530/
Vardi M, Levy NS, Levy AP. Vitamin E in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: the importance of proper patient selection. J Lipid Res. 2013;54(9):2307-2314. doi:10.1194/jlr.R026641 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3735930/
Upston JM, Kritharides L, Stocker R. The role of vitamin E in atherosclerosis. Prog Lipid Res. 2003;42(5):405-422. doi:10.1016/s0163-7827(03)00024-9 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12814643/
Rasmussen HM, Johnson EJ. Nutrients for the aging eye. Clin Interv Aging. 2013;8:741-748. doi:10.2147/CIA.S45399 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3693724/
el Attar TM, Lin HS. Effect of vitamin C and vitamin E on prostaglandin synthesis by fibroblasts and squamous carcinoma cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1992;47(4):253-257. doi:10.1016/0952-3278(92)90194-n https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1492101/
Moriguchi S, Muraga M. Vitamin E and immunity. Vitam Horm. 2000;59:305-336. doi:10.1016/s0083-6729(00)59011-6 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10714244/
Meydani SN, Meydani M, Blumberg JB, et al. Vitamin E supplementation and in vivo immune response in healthy elderly subjects. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1997;277(17):1380-1386. doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03540410058031https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9134944/
Thiele JJ, Traber MG, Packer L. Depletion of human stratum corneum vitamin E: an early and sensitive in vivo marker of UV induced photo-oxidation. J Invest Dermatol. 1998;110(5):756-761. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00169.xhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9579541/
Tanaka H, Okada T, Konishi H, Tsuji T. The effect of reactive oxygen species on the biosynthesis of collagen and glycosaminoglycans in cultured human dermal fibroblasts. Arch Dermatol Res. 1993;285(6):352-355. doi:10.1007/BF00371836 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8215584/
K2.
Vermeer C. Vitamin K: the effect on health beyond coagulation - an overview. Food Nutr Res. 2012;56:10.3402/fnr.v56i0.5329. doi:10.3402/fnr.v56i0.5329 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3321262/
Shea MK, O'Donnell CJ, Hoffmann U, et al. Vitamin K supplementation and progression of coronary artery calcium in older men and women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89(6):1799-1807. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.27338 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19386744/
Sasaki N, Kusano E, Takahashi H, et al. Vitamin K2 inhibits glucocorticoid-induced bone loss partly by preventing the reduction of osteoprotegerin (OPG). J Bone Miner Metab. 2005;23(1):41-47. doi:10.1007/s00774-004-0539-6 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15616893/
Knapen MH, Schurgers LJ, Vermeer C. Vitamin K2 supplementation improves hip bone geometry and bone strength indices in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2007;18(7):963-972. doi:10.1007/s00198-007-0337-9 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17287908/
Forli L, Bollerslev J, Simonsen S, et al. Dietary vitamin K2 supplement improves bone status after lung and heart transplantation. Transplantation. 2010;89(4):458-464. doi:10.1097/TP.0b013e3181c46b69 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20177349/
Knapen MH, Drummen NE, Smit E, Vermeer C, Theuwissen E. Three-year low-dose menaquinone-7 supplementation helps decrease bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2013;24(9):2499-2507. doi:10.1007/s00198-013-2325-6 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23525894/
Mizuta T, Ozaki I, Eguchi Y, et al. The effect of menatetrenone, a vitamin K2 analog, on disease recurrence and survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after curative treatment: a pilot study. Cancer. 2006;106(4):867-872. doi:10.1002/cncr.21667 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16400650/
Ishizuka M, Kubota K, Shimoda M, et al. Effect of menatetrenone, a vitamin k2 analog, on recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgical resection: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Anticancer Res. 2012;32(12):5415-5420. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225445/
Hyung Jin Choi, Juyoun Yu, Hosanna Choi, Jee Hyun An, Sang Wan Kim, Kyong Soo Park, Hak C. Jang, Seong Yeon Kim, Chan Soo Shin, Vitamin K2 Supplementation Improves Insulin Sensitivity via Osteocalcin Metabolism: A Placebo-Controlled Trial, Diabetes Care Sep 2011, 34 (9) e147; DOI: 10.2337/dc11-0551 https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/34/9/e147.short
Presse N, Shatenstein B, Kergoat MJ, Ferland G. Low vitamin K intakes in community-dwelling elders at an early stage of Alzheimer's disease. J Am Diet Assoc. 2008;108(12):2095-2099. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2008.09.013 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19027415/
Zinc.
Sayyah M, Olapour A, Saeedabad Ys, Yazdan Parast R, Malayeri A. Evaluation of oral zinc sulfate effect on obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Nutrition. 2012;28(9):892-895. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2011.11.027 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22465904/
Solati Z, Jazayeri S, Tehrani-Doost M, Mahmoodianfard S, Gohari MR. Zinc monotherapy increases serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and decreases depressive symptoms in overweight or obese subjects: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Nutr Neurosci. 2015;18(4):162-168. doi:10.1179/1476830513Y.0000000105 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24621065/
Hennig B, Toborek M, Mcclain CJ. Antiatherogenic properties of zinc: implications in endothelial cell metabolism. Nutrition. 1996;12(10):711-717. doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(96)00125-6 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8936496/
Bhattacharya S, Mishra RK. Pressure ulcers: Current understanding and newer modalities of treatment. Indian J Plast Surg. 2015;48(1):4-16. doi:10.4103/0970-0358.155260 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4413488/
Momen-Heravi M, Barahimi E, Razzaghi R, Bahmani F, Gilasi HR, Asemi Z. The effects of zinc supplementation on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Wound Repair Regen. 2017;25(3):512-520. doi:10.1111/wrr.12537https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28395131/
Dreno B, Daniel F, Allaert FA, Aube I. Acne: evolution of the clinical practice and therapeutic management of acne between 1996 and 2000. Eur J Dermatol. 2003;13(2):166-170. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12695133/
Lubberts E, van den Berg WB. Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Collagen-Induced Arthritis. In: Madame Curie Bioscience Database [Internet]. Austin (TX): Landes Bioscience; 2000-2013. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK6288/
Hemilä H. Zinc lozenges and the common cold: a meta-analysis comparing zinc acetate and zinc gluconate, and the role of zinc dosage. JRSM Open. 2017;8(5):2054270417694291. Published 2017 May 2. doi:10.1177/2054270417694291, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28515951/
Calcium.
Cranney A, Horsley T, O'Donnell S, et al. Effectiveness and safety of vitamin D in relation to bone health. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep). 2007;(158):1-235. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18088161/
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Chromium.
Pei D, Hsieh CH, Hung YJ, Li JC, Lee CH, Kuo SW. The influence of chromium chloride-containing milk to glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Metabolism. 2006;55(7):923-927. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2006.02.021 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16784965/
Cefalu WT, Rood J, Pinsonat P, et al. Characterization of the metabolic and physiologic response to chromium supplementation in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 2010;59(5):755-762. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2009.09.023, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20022616/
McIver DJ, Grizales AM, Brownstein JS, Goldfine AB. Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Is Lower in US Adults Taking Chromium-Containing Supplements. J Nutr. 2015;145(12):2675-2682. doi:10.3945/jn.115.214569, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26446484/
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Selenium:
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Ju W, Li X, Li Z, et al. The effect of selenium supplementation on coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2017;44:8-16. doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.04.009 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28965605/
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